En este laboratorio en casa confeccionaremos un volcán submarino y además le enseñaremos como funciona.
Para llevar a cabo este experimento, necesitarás de los siguientes materiales:
Materiales
- 1 recipiente vacío de vidrio (puedes utilizar los de compotas para bebés)
- 1 cocinilla eléctrica o cocina
- 1 recipiente de vidrio grande
- Colorante artificial
- 1 pinza metálica
- Guantes
- Agua
- Hielo
Procedimiento
– Calienta el agua hasta ebullición (100°C). Luego agrégala en el frasco pequeño y seguidamente añade gotas de colorante.
– En el frasco grande, agrega agua fría con hielo, hasta que este bastante lleno.
– El frasco pequeño debe su a la cual le abrirás un agujero en el centro del mismo.
– Introduce el frasco pequeño en el frasco grande y observa cuidadosamente lo que ocurre.
Resultado
El agua coloreada ascenderá por el orificio del frasco pequeño y se difundirá por el contenido del frasco grande.
Pero, ¿por qué ocurre esto?
La materia se encuentra en tres estados: liquido, sólido y gaseoso y está conformada por pequeñas partículas llamadas átomos que se agrupan de diferentes maneras, y entre partícula y partícula hay espacios vacíos (por eso se dice que la materia es discontinua), entonces entre las partículas del agua existe también espacios vacíos.
Al calentar el agua, aumenta la energía cinética o de movimiento de las partículas y los líquidos tienen una propiedad de difusión, al ser calentado, esa difusión es más rápida y las partículas del agua coloreada se escapan rápidamente del frasco y por eso se tiene todo el recipiente coloreado.
Al hablar de difusión es una propagación o dispersión de partículas de una sustancia en otra hasta conformar una sola, por lo que si la dejamos reposar estos recipientes, observaremos que tanto el agua caliente como fría tendría la misma coloración.
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